Commutator winding and compensating winding are both for improving the DC motor characteristics and performance.
DC motor commutator and brushes are used to supply power to the armature, but also through the rational arrangement of the armature winding of the current direction of the motor rotation direction in accordance with the requirements. That is to say the current direction of the DC motor armature winding of each individual are changed, which brings a problem of current commutation. Also due to the presence of the armature winding inductance, so the winding current can not produce mutations in, otherwise it will thus produce EMF. However, when the high-speed rotating motor of this change is very fast, it will produce commutation sparks. Commutation is used to reduce the effect of winding commutation sparks. Of course, if you encounter commutation spark too large, there may be other reasons, such as carbon brush grades wrong, commutator is not clean with copper remain, and so on.
Besides compensating winding. We know that the DC magnetic flux is generated by the excitation winding, so that in the ideal state, the air-gap flux at the main pole should be uniform, but when the armature current will produce a magnetic flux through, the main magnetic flux of the motor will have an impact, it will be extended to the armature magnetic flux generated in the direction of rotation weakening phenomenon, which is the armature reaction. Of course, this is not conducive to running performance of the motor, in order to overcome this phenomenon, in the motor, especially the installation of a compensation winding large motors, used to offset the armature reaction flux distortion caused by the phenomenon.
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